Efficient district heating and cooling systems in the EU: Case studies analysis, replicable key success factors and potential policy implications

This study investigates the key success factors enabling development of high quality, efficient and low carbon district heating and cooling systems, discusses how these factors can be replicated in the EU and provides a better view on the role and features of these systems, as well as a few potential policy guidelines to support their deployment. The eight case studies presented in this report are at least partly replicable, and cover a wide range of technologies, energy sources, management modes and types of distributed heating and cooling systems.